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Avian influenza (AI) and Newcastle disease (ND) are two important diseases for poultry husbandry because the diseases are highly susceptibility as well as high mortality in domestic poultry (4, 5).  The virus causing avian influenza belongs to family Orthomyxoviridae. Influenza virus...

During performing avian influenza surveillance on migratory wild birds in eastern Hokkaido in 2008,　we obtained some samples with hemagglutinin (HA) activities by egg inoculation, which were confirmed to be neither influenza virus nor Newcastle disease virus. To identify the isolated agents...

At the present, we are encountering several emerging and re emerging infectious viral diseases causing economic losses and social impacts such as H5N1 bird flu or SARS. Many vaccines or some antiviral drugs against pathogens have been developed, but most of infectious diseases have not been...